User Switching

The Switch Off link can be found in your profile menu in the WordPress toolbar. Once you've switched off you'll see a Switch back link in a few places:

In the footer of your site
On the Log In screen
In the "Meta" widget

Does this plugin work with WordPress Multisite?
Yes, and you'll also be able to switch users from the Users screen in Network Admin.
Does this plugin work with WooCommerce?
Yes, and you'll also be able to switch users from various WooCommerce administration screens while logged in as a Shop Manager or an administrative user.
Does this plugin work with BuddyPress?
Yes, and you'll also be able to switch users from member profile screens and the member listing screen.
Does this plugin work with bbPress?
Yes, and you'll also be able to switch users from member profile screens.
Does this plugin work if my site is using a two-factor authentication plugin?
Yes, mostly.

One exception I'm aware of is Duo. If you're using Duo Universal or Duo Security then you should install the User Switching for Duo add-on plugin which will prevent the two-factor authentication prompt from appearing when you switch between users.
What capability does a user need in order to switch accounts?
A user needs the edit_users capability in order to switch user accounts. By default only Administrators have this capability, and with Multisite enabled only Super Admins have this capability.

Specifically, a user needs the ability to edit the target user in order to switch to them. This means if you have custom user capability mapping in place which uses the edit_users or edit_user capabilities to affect ability of users to edit others, then User Switching should respect that.
Can regular admins on Multisite installations switch accounts?
No. This can be enabled though by installing the User Switching for Regular Admins plugin.
Can the ability to switch accounts be granted to other users or roles?
Yes. The switch_users meta capability can be explicitly granted to a user or a role to allow them to switch users regardless of whether or not they have the edit_users capability. For practical purposes, the user or role will also need the list_users capability so they can access the Users menu in the WordPress admin area.

add_filter( 'user_has_cap', function( $allcaps, $caps, $args, $user ) {
if ( 'switch_to_user' === $args[0] ) {
if ( my_condition( $user ) ) {
$allcaps['switch_users'] = true;
}
}
return $allcaps;
}, 9, 4 );

Note that this needs to happen before User Switching's own capability filtering, hence the priority of 9.
Can the ability to switch accounts be denied from users?
Yes. User capabilities in WordPress can be set to false to deny them from a user. Denying the switch_users capability prevents the user from switching users, even if they have the edit_users capability.

add_filter( 'user_has_cap', function( $allcaps, $caps, $args, $user ) {
if ( 'switch_to_user' === $args[0] ) {
if ( my_condition( $user ) ) {
$allcaps['switch_users'] = false;
}
}
return $allcaps;
}, 9, 4 );

Notes:

This needs to happen before User Switching's own capability filtering, hence the priority of 9.
The ID of the target user can be found in $args[2].

Can I add a custom "Switch To" link to my own plugin or theme?
Yes. Use the user_switching::maybe_switch_url() method for this. It takes care of authentication and returns a nonce-protected URL for the current user to switch into the provided user account.

if ( method_exists( 'user_switching', 'maybe_switch_url' ) ) {
$url = user_switching::maybe_switch_url( $target_user );
if ( $url ) {
printf(
'<a href="%1$s">Switch to %2$s</a>',
esc_url( $url ),
esc_html( $target_user->display_name )
);
}
}

If you want to specify the URL that the user gets redirected to after switching, add a redirect_to parameter to the URL like so:

if ( method_exists( 'user_switching', 'maybe_switch_url' ) ) {
$url = user_switching::maybe_switch_url( $target_user );
if ( $url ) {
// Redirect to the home page after switching:
$redirect_to = home_url();
printf(
'<a href="%1$s">Switch to %2$s</a>',
esc_url( add_query_arg(
'redirect_to',
rawurlencode( $redirect_to ),
$url
) ),
esc_html( $target_user->display_name )
);
}
}

The above code also works for displaying a link to switch back to the original user, but if you want an explicit link for this you can use the following code:

if ( method_exists( 'user_switching', 'get_old_user' ) ) {
$old_user = user_switching::get_old_user();
if ( $old_user ) {
printf(
'<a href="%1$s">Switch back to %2$s</a>',
esc_url( user_switching::switch_back_url( $old_user ) ),
esc_html( $old_user->display_name )
);
}
}

Can I determine whether the current user switched into their account?
Yes. Use the current_user_switched() function for this. If the current user switched into their account from another then it returns a WP_User object for their originating user, otherwise it returns false.

if ( function_exists( 'current_user_switched' ) ) {
$switched_user = current_user_switched();
if ( $switched_user ) {
// User is logged in and has switched into their account.
// $switched_user is the WP_User object for their originating user.
}
}

Can I log each time a user switches to another account?
You can install an audit trail plugin such as Simple History, WP Activity Log, or Stream, all of which have built-in support for User Switching and all of which log an entry when a user switches into another account.
Does this plugin allow a user to frame another user for an action?
Potentially yes, but User Switching includes some safety protections for this and there are further precautions you can take as a site administrator:

You can install an audit trail plugin such as Simple History, WP Activity Log, or Stream, all of which have built-in support for User Switching and all of which log an entry when a user switches into another account.
User Switching stores the ID of the originating user in the new WordPress user session for the user they switch to. Although this session does not persist by default when they subsequently switch back, there will be a record of this ID if your database server has query logging enabled.
User Switching stores the login name of the originating user in an authentication cookie (see the Privacy Statement for more information). If your server access logs store cookie data, there will be a record of this login name (along with the IP address) for each access request.
User Switching triggers an action when a user switches account, switches off, or switches back (see below). You can use these actions to perform additional logging for safety purposes depending on your requirements.

One or more of the above should allow you to correlate an action with the originating user when a user switches account, should you need to.

Bear in mind that even without the User Switching plugin in use, any user who has the ability to edit another user can still frame another user for an action by, for example, changing their password and manually logging into that account. If you are concerned about users abusing others, you should take great care when granting users administrative rights.
Does this plugin warn me if I attempt to switch into an account which somebody else is already switched into?
Yes. When this happens you'll be shown a prompt asking you to confirm that you would like to continue switching to the affected account.

This feature is useful if you have multiple users on your site who may be switching into other user accounts at the same time, for example a team of support agents.
Can I switch users directly from the admin toolbar?
Yes, there's a third party add-on plugin for this: Admin Bar User Switching.
Are any plugin actions called when a user switches account?
Yes. When a user switches to another account, the switch_to_user hook is called:

/**
* Fires when a user switches to another user account.
*
* @since 0.6.0
* @since 1.4.0 The `$new_token` and `$old_token` parameters were added.
*
* @param int $user_id The ID of the user being switched to.
* @param int $old_user_id The ID of the user being switched from.
* @param string $new_token The token of the session of the user being switched to. Can be an empty string
* or a token for a session that may or may not still be valid.
* @param string $old_token The token of the session of the user being switched from.
*/
do_action( 'switch_to_user', $user_id, $old_user_id, $new_token, $old_token );

/**
* Fires when a user switches back to their originating account.
*
* @since 0.6.0
* @since 1.4.0 The `$new_token` and `$old_token` parameters were added.
*
* @param int $user_id The ID of the user being switched back to.
* @param int|false $old_user_id The ID of the user being switched from, or false if the user is switching back
* after having been switched off.
* @param string $new_token The token of the session of the user being switched to. Can be an empty string
* or a token for a session that may or may not still be valid.
* @param string $old_token The token of the session of the user being switched from.
*/
do_action( 'switch_back_user', $user_id, $old_user_id, $new_token, $old_token );

/**
* Fires when a user switches off.
*
* @since 0.6.0
* @since 1.4.0 The `$old_token` parameter was added.
*
* @param int $old_user_id The ID of the user switching off.
* @param string $old_token The token of the session of the user switching off.
*/
do_action( 'switch_off_user', $old_user_id, $old_token );

When a user switches to another account, switches off, or switches back, the user_switching_redirect_to filter is applied to the location that they get redirected to:

/**
* Filters the redirect location after a user switches to another account or switches off.
*
* @since 1.7.0
*
* @param string $redirect_to The target redirect location, or an empty string if none is specified.
* @param string|null $redirect_type The redirect type, see the `user_switching::REDIRECT_*` constants.
* @param WP_User|null $new_user The user being switched to, or null if there is none.
* @param WP_User|null $old_user The user being switched from, or null if there is none.
*/
return apply_filters( 'user_switching_redirect_to', $redirect_to, $redirect_type, $new_user, $old_user );

In addition, User Switching respects the following filters from WordPress core when appropriate:

login_redirect when switching to another user.
logout_redirect when switching off.

How can I report a security bug?
You can report security bugs through the official User Switching Vulnerability Disclosure Program on Patchstack. The Patchstack team helps validate, triage, and handle any security vulnerabilities.
Do you accept donations?
I am accepting sponsorships via the GitHub Sponsors program and any support you can give will help me maintain this plugin and keep it free for everyone.